Neuropathy
Definition
Neuropathy can be defined as any disease of nerves and can include peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, and autonomic nerves.
The most common disease process seen with neuropathy is diabetes.
Diabetic neuropathy is a generic term or any diabetes mellitus related disorder of the peripheral no or autonomic nervous system for the cranial nerves.Fig. 1: Diabetic neuropathy
Clinical presentation
The ulcer is usually located on the weight-bearing surface of the foot
Sensory neuropathy, if present;
Patient unable to sense pain and pressure
Risk of skin breakdown without patient awareness
Mechanical repetitive stresses are the most common positive factor of wounds
Motor neuropathy, if present:
Loss of intrinsic muscle
hammertoe, claw toe deformity is adding to the risk of breakdown and rubbing long shoes
Foot drop
Autonomic neuropathy, if present:
Decreased or absent sweat and oil production lead to dry, inelastic skin
Increased susceptibility to skin breakdown and injury
Callus formation
Dysvascular symptoms, if present:
Usually arterial disorder
Ischemia
Impaired healing time
Imperial transport of oxygen, antibiotics, and nutrition needed for healing.
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