UTILIZATION OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN INTEGRATED SCIENCE
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the effects of audio-visual aids on the
academic performance of students in Integrated Science in Ini Local Government
Area. The research design was quasi-experimental. Two (2) public secondary schools
were randomly selected from eight (8) public secondary schools in the area. An
intact class of one school was used as an experimental group and the other school
as a control group. A total sample of 100 students was used for the study. Two
null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, while data were collected
using the Integrated Science Performance Test (ISPET) as the instrument. Results
obtained from the analysis using t-test statistics revealed that,
hypothesis(1): there is a significant difference in the academic performance of
students that are taught integrated science with audio-visual aids and those
that are taught integrated science without audio-visual aids. Hypothesis (2): there
is no significant difference in the academic performance of male and female
students that are taught integrated science with audio-visual aids at P=0.05
level of significance. This implies that those exposed to audio-visual aids
perform magnificently better than those without audio-visual aids.
And it also shows that there is no effect on
males and females taught integrated science with audio-visual aids. Following
the above findings, it is recommended that adequate audio-visual aids should
be provided in schools by the government; parents should ignore the belief of
gender disparity among their children; Teachers should be encouraged to
improvise instructional materials for effective learning.
ALSO, READ;
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
to the Study
A child’s science
education really begins in his first year of life and his pre-school science
experience constitutes to a large extent the determining factor of his science
ability in school (Churchill, 2001).
Ausubel (2005)
maintains that every normal child can learn practically everything if given
the right quality of instruction at the appropriate time. A very important
variable which has a direct bearing on instruction is the number of instructional
materials and resources available to the teacher and students in schools. The
art and meaning of learning processes, retentive learning can be greatly
enhanced and assisted by understanding that governs meaningful learning.
Osafehinti (2009),
argued that children who have been advantaged to being exposed to scientific the situation in their immediate surrounding can gain accelerated knowledge of science
before reaching the school age. Thus a child’s attitude and motivation to learn
science is determined by social and economic factors.
ALSO, READ;
Alcorn kinder and Schubert (2002), pointed out that the number of materials that can be re-called varies with the sensory stimulation emphasized during the process of learning. Instructional materials that stimulate both the auditory and visual senses simultaneously, without completely relying on either, belong to the group called audio-visuals. They include the television, audio-slide, audio-pictorial, video-tape and audio-transparency presentations among others. Learners can recall 50 percent of what they learn by hearing and seeing at the same time.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
It has been observed
that while Integrated Science remains one of the core science subjects in
secondary schools, the performance of students in examinations has not been
very impressive. A lot of people have attributed the poor performance of
students to a number of factors including the unavailability of instructional
material like audio-visual aids.
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It is on this premise that the researcher is motivated to conduct research on the utilization of audio-visual aids and students academic performance in Integrated Science in secondary schools in Ini Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.
It is on this premise that the researcher is motivated to conduct research on the utilization of audio-visual aids and students academic performance in Integrated Science in secondary schools in Ini Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study was to assess
the utilization of audio-visual aids and students academic performance in
Integrated Science in Ini Local Government Area.
Specifically,
the study sought to
i.
Compare the academic performance of
students taught Integrated Science with audio-visual aids and those taught
without.
ii.
Compare the academic performance of male
and female students taught Integrated Science with audio-visual aids.
1.4
Significance
of the Study
This research has a
vivid significance, most importantly; it will bring to our awareness the
relevant infrastructure which has bedeviled the effective Integrated Science
teaching and learning.
Consequently,
it will make parents to see the need for providing audio-visual aids like
television, computers, videotape at home for use by their children.
The study shall alert the government on the urgent need to provide these materials
to schools for effective implementation of the program.
i.
It will make teachers be aware of the place
of audio-visual aids and students academic performance in Integrated Science.
ii.
It shall also bring to the awareness of the
teachers constraints in procuring and utilizing audio-visual aids.
iii.
Finally, the school of science, Akwa
Ibom State College of Education, Afaha Nsit and other tertiary institutions
will derive immense benefits accruing from this study.
If
the recommendations about the re-planning and re-structuring of the training
programs shall be affected by these, institutions will be proficient to
face the challenges of Integrated Science teaching in our secondary schools.
1.5
Research
Questions
To facilitate this
research, the following research questions were addressed;
Is
there any significant difference in the academic performance of students that
are taught Integrated Science with audio-visual aids and those that are taught
without audio-visual aids?
Is
there any significant difference in the academic performance of male and female
students that are taught Integrated Science with audio-visual aids?
1.6
Research
Hypothesis
For the purpose of this
study the following null hypothesis were postulated to guide the study;
There
is no significant difference in the academic performance of students that are
taught Integrated Science with audio-visual aids and those that are taught
without audio-visual aids.
There
is no significant difference between the academic performance of male and
female students taught Integrated Science with audio-visual aids.
1.7
Limitation
of the Study
In writing a research
work of this nature, limitations are bound to occur. They include among others;
Bad Road Networks:
means of transportation was inadequate to convey the researcher to school in
time as a result of this, the researcher always arrive late in some days which
result in limited time for the work to be carried out.
Lack of Interest by The
Learners: the students had no interest in what the researcher was teaching and
by so doing did give in their best and as a result of this the number of
students who gave in their best interest were not much.
Language: Most students
were unable to cope with the common language of the researcher (English
language) and as such, they were unable to understand what the researcher was
doing.
Inadequate
Instructional Material: The the instructional material was inadequate as there was not enough instructional
material to be used to carry out the research.
1.8
Delimitation
of the Study
The study only
concentrated on the utilization of audio-visual aids and students academic
performance in Integrated Science in Ini local government area. For the success
of this research, the researcher used “reproduction in humans” to carry-out the
research which only 100
students from 2 selected secondary
schools in the local area to be used. The researcher decided to use and intact
class for his research study. The research was subjected to JSS3.
1.9
Definition
of Terms
The task of getting the universally accepted definition of a particular word or concept is not an easy
one. Consequently, the following are taken as the definitions to suit the
purpose of this study;
Audio-Visual
Aids: They are devices like television, computers
video-game, audio-slide, audio-pictorial, etc, which appeal to the senses of
hearing and sight.
Academic
Performance: This means the learning outcome of the
learner after he/she is being taught.
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